Chocolate

Chocolate

Written by: Clara Shangold & Lily Helphinstine

    Do you ever wonder how chocolate is made? Well, I have. Here are some facts about chocolate, and how it is made.

1. “Eating dark chocolate every day reduces the risk of heart disease by ⅓.”
2. Chocolate can cause headaches.
3. “White chocolate isn’t technically chocolate, as it contains no cocoa solids or cocoa liquor.”   
4. M&Ms were created in 1941 so soldiers could have chocolate without it melting.
5. The world’s largest chocolate bar weighed 5,792.50 pounds

Chocolate is made from cacao beans. Some factories have about a dozen (12) different cacao beans in each recipe. First, they roast the cacao beans in giant ovens for about 1 hour and 30 minutes. The heat actually helps it smell good!  Then, they need to take of the shells. It can take up to a week to make a single chocolate bar! The crushed shells are called nibs and crushed nibs makes a thick paste called chocolate liquor. To sweeten it add some sugar. You could eat it now, but it would not taste like chocolate. The sugar and cacao are still both grainy, so in the factory they smush it to make it smoother. Then, it is cotched or run through a machine. Then, add some more cocoa butter, but is hot, so let it cool. You can add decoration if you want, then, you finally have delicious chocolate.

Cornelius Vanderbilt

Cornelius Vanderbilt

     A.K.A The Commodore

Who was he?

Cornelius Vanderbilt, a.k.a the Commodore, (born May 27,1794), was the man who had dedicated most of his life into making a transportation device, the first railroads.

How is He important?

Cornelius made a big difference to America though I will not get into all the details. After making railroads and the railroads being a success, he was rich. He realized that the other railroad companies were rising in popularity as well. He realized, no oil, no train transport. Luckily, for Vanderbilt the new oil company boss,John D. Rockefeller, was new. If he was able to trick him into giving him lots of oil for not much money, the battle of the railroads would end with him victorious. John realized that his oil was decreasing greatly from Vanderbilt and he complained to Vanderbilt. He told Vanderbilt that he would not give him oil if he didn’t stop taking so much. Vanderbilt, as the owner of most railroads, had the railroad path to a nearby city, the place where most of the oil went to. He knew that if any other train came carrying oil to the city he could stop them because it was his railroad making John mad, so Rockefeller created the first pipes to supply oil in America.

Occasional Problems

As a rich man people wanted Vanderbilt’s money, and so someone did something about it. He gave fake taxes to Vanderbilt and the money went to the schemers giving them lots of money.

Conclusion

Although Vanderbilt died,(January 4, 1877), he did a good job supplying America with what we would take for granted, such as oil pipe transport, although John D. Rockefeller invented it, he couldn’t of done it without Vanderbilt. And, if he hadn’t been alive, counterfeit money and bills might’ve still been around a little longer.

By Matthew Billings-Chiu

Websites: The Men Who Built America, and Wikipedia.  

Animal Survey

By Emma Noheimer

Earth Day Poem

Earth Day

By Eddie Choi

Each day I’ll throw trash away in the trash can.

Always recycle glass so it can be reused.

Really try to pick up things like cans and put them in a recycling bin.

Take care the earth by picking up litter.

Help the Planet by reducing electricity by turning things off when i’m, not using it.

How to Make a Parachute

                      How to Make a Small Homemade Parachute with a Basket.       
By Andrew Li 
Needs:      sheets of paper 
  tape
scissors                                                                            #1 Cut a sheet of paper into a square. 
              #2 Cut another sheet of paper into 4 skinny strips.             #3 Tape strips to corners.                                                                                         #4 Make a basket by making a paper cross and folding in.     
#5 Tape basket to straps.

 Now put a item/items in the basket, lift the parachute up, and drop it to let it float down.

Remember, you can be creative and change the instructions a little!   

Beluga Whales

Beluga Whales

Have you ever heard a Beluga whale click, chirp or whistle?  They do this to find their prey.  Another interesting fact is they are one of the smallest whales.  But, they have they make the loudest sounds out of all the toothed whales!

They have a tough dorsal fin that helps them swim through icy water.  They also have a 5 inch layer of blubber that helps them in the cold water.  Beluga whales have a rounded head and large forehead.  They’re flippers work like paddles in the water.

When Belugas are born they are gray or even brown and fade into a white as they grow.  

Belugas feed on many things!  A couple of them are salmon, shrimp, mussels, octopus, crab, clam, and many many more things.

These animals don’t live in one place, they live in many places.  Belugas live in the Arctic, Russia, Greenland, Canada, Norway, and Alaska 

By Isabella Hamley

 

Puffins

Puffins

By Sophie Brooks

Appearance

Puffins are 11-12 inches tall, they weigh 13oz-17oz.They have thick black, gray, and white feathers and they have black necks .Their beak can change colors to bright orange in breeding season.The male  puffins are a little bit taller than the female puffins.  Did you know that a puffins wingspan is a high of 47cm- 63cm . A puffin’s underparts and sides of its face are white. A puffin’s legs are dull yellow in the colder season and bright orange in the breeding season.

Diet and Prey

Did you know that a puffin can be a omnivore, but it choses to only eat meat. A puffin’s normal appetite is sandeels, capelin, herring and sprat.  Sometimes they eat, squid, mollusks or crustaceans.  The puffin’s tongue has a lot of spikes so when it goes to catch the fish, the fish get stuck on the spikes.  This keeps the puffin from dropping fish and helps it to get a lot of fish at one time to feed its baby.

Habitat

Puffins are from the Northern Hemisphere in the Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, and the Arctic Circle. They live in the sea and when its breeding season they go to the shore.  Puffins nest on the cliffs near the sea.  The nests are underground.  The puffins go back to the same nest every year.

Predators

On land the puffins’ predators are gulls, hawks, eagles and foxes. Also on land cats,dogs and rats can harm puffins’ eggs.

In the sea a puffins’ predators are skua and large gulls.  Humans are also a danger to puffins.  If there is an oil spill it could kill the puffins.

I thought learning about puffins was interesting because they have a different kind of habitat.  They live in two different places every year.

Puffins

Puffins

by Aidan Sion

“Peep peep peep” two pufflings are born in the den, three feet below rocky cliffs. The mother is out getting food for her babies. She carries lots of fish to feed her young.The pufflings are waiting and waiting for their fish with wide open mouths.

Appearance

The puffin is a species of birds about 11-12 inches tall and has the weight of  13oz - 17oz. The wingspan  is 47cm- 63 cm. Puffins are black, gray  and white with long black necks.They have yellow feet and yellow legs, however in the breeding season they turn bright orange. Puffins have extremely thick white and black feathers. Male puffins are taller than female puffins so now we can tell the difference between males and females.

Diet and Prey

Puffins are are omnivores, but instead choose to solely eat

meat. They eat herring, sprats, capelin and mollusk. Puffins can carry about 20-40 fish all at once. One puffin was caught on camera to catch 63 fish (thats a lot.) The reason these birds can carry so many fish is because they have spikes on their tongue which allows them catch more fish because they get caught on the spikes and then the fish can’t fall out of the puffin’s mouth. Then the puffin can swoop down and grab more fish to feed its young.   

Predator

Even though the puffin’s small it has few predators because they live high up in the cliffs three feet below the dirt. The only predators this bird has on land are gulls, foxes and, hawks. They don’t have many predators on the water either. One of the puffin’s main predators in the water is man.

You can find puffins in a borrow in a clifts three feet below the earths surface. You can also find them in the Coastal Regions and it depends on what species it is to see where it lives, but most puffins lives in the Coastal Regions.

Interesting Facts

Puffins are very good swimmers and can be really fast in the air. They can swim up to 55 mph for short periods of time with their wings beating up to 300-400 times every minute.

These birds are truly amazing and its hard to not see that!!

The Adventures of Mr. Seaotter

The Adventures Of Mr. Seaotter

One day Mr. SeaotterotterSeaotter went to his great, great, great, great, great, double-great, quadruple-great, quintuplet-great grandmother and grandfather's home in an underwater bamboo forest located under Santa’s Workshop.  It was National Sea Otter Day, so he wore his Sunday best.  That was ironic because it was Sunday!  

On his way, he started to sing, “I’m off to see my grandparents, my great, great grandparents.”  Just then he saw a pretty “shell.”  As he back-tracked he realized it was a pearl.  The next thing he knew a unicornater popped out and said, “Hi, I’m a unicorater, and I love making rainbows.”  (He said as he was making a rainbow!)

 Then Mr.Sea Otter and his new friends started to sing, “I’m off to see my grandparents, my great, great grandparents!”  Out of the blue a huge tornado swept around them and picked them up.  (The unicorator was still making rainbows.)  

In the tornado they met a mooigerny.  He suggested to have a birthday.  So, to pass the time in the tornado they had a birthday party.  At the party there were water people, tornado people, tornado streamers, and tornado balloons.  

Suddenly, a ponrrexcow came out of nowhere and yelled, “HAPPY BIRTHDAY!!!  By the way, whose birthday is it?!”

“No one’s.  We just wanted a party to pass the time,”

 In the middle of the party the tornado talked!  He said, “Sorry if I took you by surprise, I’m a Traveling Tornado Transportation.”  

Surprisingly, the tornado let them go at Mr. Seaotterotterseaotter’s grandparents’ house.  More to their surprise, there was a note that said, “Be back in 5 days, off to see our grandson’’

 OBUBBLENUGGETS!!!!!!!!!

        totally real animals:)                                                      

           

By Isabella Hamley and Abigail Goldhamer

George Washington

 

George Washington

He was the first president ever! He was born February 22, 1732, and died on December 14,1799. He was declared president in 1789.

He had a vice president named John Adams and a spouse named Martha Dandridge Custis. After the year that he died his wife died.

George Washington is known for his leadership in leading a lot of wars. He was the chief of an army. He proclaimed the United States from Europe in a war and got he got the United States in 1793. He was ranked as a general in the wars. In 1776 he was defeated and later that year his life was at stake because he almost got captured trying defending the state of New York. His two allegiances were Great Britain and United States.

He had no children but he had two stepchildren. Their names were Pasty and Jack but they died before George and Martha could retire from Mount Vernon.

One of his nicknames was Father of his Country.

He was a very brave person and he actually lost more wars than he won but he did not give up. He was not a good strategist and not so successful but he was a good general. His army was not that good but he lead them to victory. Thousands of his men died from the sickness in the winter. He beat Great Britain on Christmas Eve.

A group of people built the Washington Monument because it was a memorial in his honor being the first successful leader. The Washington Monument is three stories high and it first started being built in 1848. The designer who thought of the Washington Monument was Robert Mills. It took $1,187,710 to build it. It took 30 years to build the Washington Monument.

WW1

World War 1

    By Matthew Billings-Chiu

The Beginning of World War 1

The beginning of World War 1 became a world war because too many alliances were being formed in the world. At one point, a prince (Franz Ferdinand) had been murdered and the king of Austria-Hungary suspected it must’ve been one of their enemies, the Kingdom of Serbia, so he attacked them. This triggered a chain reaction by making The Kingdom of Serbia say to their allies, “Allies! Someone attacked me, help me strike back!” And, so they did. Then, the other side (Austria-Hungary) retaliated.

Famous things that happened.

There was a horrible general, Sir Douglas, on a side who was sending hundreds of his men into battle against a new weapon, the machine gun. No matter how many soldiers died the general kept sending soldiers regardless of the soldiers telling him he shouldn’t keep sending people for a worthless purpose. At the end of the war more than 100 million people died which broke the record of deaths in a war.

When did the United States get involved?

The United States joined World War 1 on April 6,1917, joining their allies Britain, France, and Russia.

Why were we so late to join World War 1?

The United States were involved late because lots of Americans were not in favor of attacking and wanted to remain neutral and not attack anybody.

Presidents of our allies and us

Our president at the time was Woodrow Wilson.

Great Britain’s leader at that time was David Lloyd George.

The leader of Russia at that time was Czar Nicholas.

France’s leader at that time was Georges Clemenceau.

The end of World War 1 and the beginning of a new war. At the end of World War 1, the winning countries decided that the losing countries should pay them thus one of the reasons for creating World War 2.

The End